Dr Divya RajawatConsultant Psychiatrist · MBBS, MD Book evaluation
Home › Areas of care › Personality Disorders
Assessment & diagnosisTherapy referral

Personality disorder assessment

Diagnosis, management of the conditions that occur alongside, and referral for the therapy that actually treats them. The diagnosis is frequently given carelessly and taken badly — both of which are avoidable.

A diagnosis that is often used as an insult

Personality disorder describes long-standing patterns in how a person relates to themselves and others — patterns that cause real distress and real difficulty, usually most visible in close relationships. It is a clinical description, not a verdict on someone's worth, though it is frequently used as one.

Two things are worth saying at the start. Borderline personality disorder in particular has good evidence for recovery with the right therapy. And it is frequently diagnosed where the actual problem is untreated ADHD, bipolar disorder, or the effects of trauma — which is why the assessment matters more here than almost anywhere else.

What people describe

Borderline personality disorder has better evidence for recovery than most people — including many clinicians — assume.

What people say

Often said having already been given the label somewhere else.

A doctor wrote it on a discharge summary and nobody has explained it to me since.

Student, 23

I have been told I am manipulative. I do not know how to describe what it is actually like.

Teacher, 28

Every relationship goes the same way and I can see it happening while it happens.

Analyst, 34

Why it happens

These patterns are learned responses to circumstances that made them reasonable at the time.

Early environment shapes the system

Many people with these diagnoses grew up where emotions were unpredictable, unsafe, or consistently dismissed. Hypervigilance and intense attachment are sensible adaptations to that — the difficulty is that they persist once the circumstances have changed.

Emotional intensity is partly inherited

Some people feel more strongly and return to baseline more slowly, from the start. That alone is not a disorder. It becomes one when it meets an environment that does not teach how to manage it.

What gets believed

Myth
Personality disorders cannot be treated.
Actually
This is outdated. Structured therapies — dialectical behaviour therapy among them — have good evidence, and a substantial proportion of people no longer meet criteria after treatment. The medication treats what occurs alongside; the therapy treats the pattern.
Myth
It means the person is manipulative.
Actually
This word does more harm than almost any other in psychiatry. What is usually being described is someone with few tools for managing overwhelming emotion, using what they have. Changing that requires teaching other tools, not moral judgement.
Myth
The diagnosis is permanent.
Actually
It is not. Diagnoses are reviewed, and this one in particular is frequently revised once ADHD, bipolar disorder or trauma are properly assessed and treated. If it was given to you in a hurry, it is worth revisiting.

Why a careful assessment matters here

More than with most diagnoses, getting this one wrong has consequences that last.

  • The label changes how you are treated. People carrying it are demonstrably taken less seriously in medical settings, including in emergencies.
  • ADHD in women is frequently mislabelled as this. Emotional dysregulation, impulsivity and unstable relationships are common to both, and the wrong diagnosis means years of the wrong treatment.
  • Recovery is a reasonable expectation with the right therapy — which makes the difference between a diagnosis given with a plan and one given as a dismissal.

How it is assessed

01

Ruling out what imitates it

ADHD, bipolar disorder, complex trauma and thyroid disease all produce overlapping pictures. This comes first, because treating one of those changes everything that follows.

02

The pattern over years, not weeks

A personality disorder is by definition long-standing and consistent across situations. Difficulty confined to one relationship or one period is something else, and is treated as something else.

03

What you want to change

The diagnosis is only useful if it leads somewhere. The conversation ends on what you actually want different, and which therapy is most likely to get there.

What treatment involves

Therapy is the treatment — structured, specific and delivered by a psychologist trained in it. Dr Rajawat's role is to establish the diagnosis accurately, treat the depression, anxiety or ADHD that commonly sits alongside, and arrange the referral.

Medication does not treat a personality disorder, and anyone saying otherwise is overselling. It treats what occurs alongside, which is often substantial and often what makes the therapy possible to engage with.

If this diagnosis was given to you in passing

A diagnosis of this kind should be explained, discussed and accompanied by a plan. If it appeared on a discharge note or was mentioned once and never revisited, a second opinion is a reasonable thing to seek — and a reasonable thing to be given.

First evaluation

Includes the written assessment and, where indicated, referral for therapy. Reviews are ₹800.

₹1,200All inclusive

Questions

Can this diagnosis be removed?

Diagnoses are reviewed and revised. If it was given without a proper assessment, or if ADHD or bipolar disorder were never considered, a reassessment can reasonably change it. That happens more often than people expect.

Will I be told I am manipulative?

No. That word is not used here. It describes how behaviour looks from outside and explains nothing about what is happening inside, which is the part that matters for treatment.

Do I need medication?

Possibly, for what occurs alongside — depression, anxiety, ADHD, sleep. Not for the personality disorder itself, and you will be told that distinction clearly rather than left to assume the tablets are treating everything.

Can you provide the therapy as well?

No. The therapies with the best evidence here are delivered by trained psychologists over months, and that is a different role from the psychiatric one. The referral is arranged as part of the plan.

Related areas of care

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